8,结构体
struct 结构体名 变量名
//struct 结构体名 变量名 = {成员1值，成员2值}
定义结构体顺便创建变量
struct Student
{
string name;
int age;
int score;
};
/*
struct Student
{
string name;
int age;
int score;
}s3;
*/
//struct Student s1;
//struct Student s2 = {..};
//在定义结构体时顺便创建结构体变量
int main()
{
struct Student s1;//struct可以省略
s1.name ="张三";
s1.age = 18;
s1.score = 100;
cout<<"姓名："<<s1.name<<"年龄：="<<s1.age<<"分数：="<<s1.score<<endl;
struct Student s2 = {"李四",19,80};
cout<<"姓名："<<s2.name<<"年龄：="<<s2.age<<"分数：="<<s2.score<<endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
8.3结构体数组
#include<string>
struct Student
{
string name;
int age;
int score;
};
int main()
{
struct Student stuArray[8] =
{
{"张三",18,100},
{"李四",28,99},
{"王五",38,66}
};
stuArray[2].name = "赵六";
stuArray[2].age = 80;
stuArray[2].score = 60;
for(int i = 0;i<3;i++)
{
cout<<"姓名:"<<stuArray[i].name
<<"年龄:"<<stuArray[i].age
<<"分数:"<<stuArray[i].score<<endl;
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
8.4结构体指针
#include<string>
struct Student
{
string name;
int age;
int score;
};
int mian()
{
struct student s ={"张三",18,100};
struct student *p = &s;
cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name
<<"年龄:"<<p->age
<<"分数:"<<p->score<<endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
8.5结构体嵌套结构体
#include<string>
struct Student
{
string name;
int age;
int score;
};
struct teacher
{
int id;
string name;
int age;
struct student stu;
};
int main()
{
teacher t;
t.id = 10000;
t.name = "老王";
t.age = 50;
t.stu.name = "小王";
t.stu.age = 20;
t.stu.score = 100;
cout<<"老师的姓名："<<t.name<<"老师的年龄："<<t.age<<"老师的编号："<<t.id<<"学生的姓名："<<t.stu.name <<"学生的年龄："
<<t.stu.age<<"学生的分数："<<t.stu.score<<endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
8.6结构体做函数的参数
struct Student
{
string name;
int age;
int score;
};
void printStudent1(struct student s)
{
cout<<"子函数1中，姓名："<<s.name<<"年龄："<<s.age<<"分数："<<s.score；//值传递
}
void printStudent2(struct student *p)
{
p->age = 100;//主函数也会改变
cout<<"子函数2中，姓名："<<s->name<<"年龄："<<s->age<<"分数："<<s->score；//地址传递
}
int main()
{
struct student t;
s.name = "张三";
s.age = 20;
s.score = 85;
cout<<"主函数中，姓名："<<s.name<<"年龄："<<s.age<<"分数："<<s.score；
printStudent1(s);
printStudent2(&s);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
8.7结构体中const使用场景
#include<string>
struct Student
{
string name;
int age;
int score;
};
//将函数中的形参改为指针，可以减少内存空间，而不会复制新的副本
void printStudent(const struct student *s)//一旦修改就会报错
{
cout<<"姓名："<<s->name<<"年龄："<<s->age<<"分数："<<s->score；//地址传递
}
int mian()
{
struct student s= {"张三",15,70};
printStudent(&s);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
8.8.1案例1
#include<string>
#include<ctime>
struct student
{
string name;
int score;
};
struct Teacher
{
string tName;
struct student sArray[5];
};
void allocateSpace(struct tArray[],int len)
{
string nameSeed = "ABCDE";
for(int i =0;i< len;i++)
{
tArray[i].tName = "Teacher_";
tArray[i].tName += nameSeed[i];
for(int j = 0;j < 5;j++)
{
tArray[i].sArray[j].sName = "Student_";
tArray[i].sArray[j].sName += nameSeed[j];
int random = rand() %61 + 40;
tArray[i].sArray[j].score = 60;
}
}
}
printInfo(struct tArray[],int len)
{
for(int i =0;i< len;i++)
{
cout<<"老师的姓名:"<<tArray[i].tName<<endl;
for(int j = 0;j<5;j++)
{
cout<<"\\t学生的姓名:"<<tArray[i].sArray[j].sName
<<"考试分数："<<tArray[i].sArray[j].score<<endl;
}
}
}
int main()
{
srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
struct Teacher tArray[3];
int len =sizeof(tArray)/sizeof(tArray[0]);
allocateSpace(tArray,len);
printInfo(tArray,len);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
8.8.2案例2
#include<string>
struct Hero
{
string name;
int age;
string sex;
};
void bubbleSort(struct Hero heroArray[],int len)
{
for(int i = 0; i<len-1;i++)
{
for(int j = 0;j<len-1-i;j++)
{
if(ArrayHero[j].age > heroArray[j+1].age)
{
struct Hero temp = heroArray[j];
heroArray[j] = heroArray[j+1];
heroArray[j+1] = temp;
}
}
}
}
void printHero(struct Hero heroArray[],int len)
{
for(int i = 0; i<len; i++)
{
cout<<"排序后："<<"姓名："<<heroArray[i].name<<"年龄："<<heroArray[i].age<<"姓别："<<heroArray[i].sex<<endl；
}
}
int main()
{
struct Hero heroArray[5] =
{
{"刘备"，23，"男"}，
{"关羽"，22，"男"}，
{"张飞"，20，"男"}，
{"赵云"，21，"男"}，
{"貂蝉"，19，"女"}，
};
int len =sizeof(heroArray) / sizeof(heroArray[0]);
for(int i = 0; i<len; i++)
{
cout<<"排序前："<<"姓名："<<heroArray[i].name<<"年龄："<<heroArray[i].age<<"姓别："<<heroArray[i].sex；
}
bubbleSort(heroArray,len);
printHero(heroArray,len);
system("pause");
return 0;
}